May 21, 2026
Education News Canada

Toronto has the lowest level of median employment income amongst the 15 largest metropolitan areas in Canada and the United States

February 20, 2024

In a ranking of median employment incomes in the 15 largest metropolitan areas in Canada and the United States, Toronto ranked last, finds a new study released by the Fraser Institute, an independent, non-partisan Canadian public policy think-tank.

"Workers in Toronto, our largest urban centre, are generally earning less employment income than people in the largest American metro areas," said Ben Eisen, Fraser Institute senior fellow and co-author of Comparing Employment Income in Toronto and Selected American Metropolitan Areas.

The study compares median employment income wages, salaries and commissions from paid and self employment income ( before taxes and government transfers in the 15 largest metropolitan areas in Canada and the United States. Toronto is the only Canadian metropolitan are a large enough to qualify for this list.

The annual gap in employment income between Toronto and the lowest ranking large US metropolitan area, Miami, was $2,030 in 2019, while the difference between Toronto and the highest-ranking US metro, San Francisco, was $32,765.

This study also measures growth in median employment earnings during the 2010s. On this indicator, Toronto also fared quite poorly, with the city's annual median employment income growth rate of 0.4 per cent ranked 10th out of the 15 metropolitan areas.

"Employment incomes are generally higher in the biggest US metropolitan areas than they are in Toronto, and the gap grew throughout the 2010s," said Eisen.

For more information

Fraser Institute
401 – 1491 Yonge Street
Toronto Ontario
Canada M4T 1Z4
www.fraserinstitute.org


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10 Press releases